انجمن علمی پدافند غیرعامل ایران شهر ایمن 2676-556X 7 4 2024 11 21 Evaluation of the orientation of central courtyards in residential buildings in hot and humid climates Iran from the point of view of energy consumption and thermal comfort of residents ارزیابی جهت گیری حیاط های مرکزی در ساختمان های مسکونی اقلیم گرم و مرطوب ایران از منظر مصرف انرژی و آسایش حرارتی ساکنین 1 14 713704 10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2029668.1103 FA علی زینالی عظیم پژوهشگر پسا دکترای طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجائی تهران، ایران. 0000-0001-5486-8452 زیبا عبدالله وند کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا گرایش برنامه ریزی مسکن مهدیه نیکو فرد کارشناسی ارشد معماری دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود Journal Article 2024 05 19 What has been effective in saving energy consumption in the old structures of Iranian cities is the observance of climatic principles in traditional architecture and the use of local materials in the region. In Iran, more than 40% of energy consumption is related to residential buildings. On the other hand, studies in the field of climate solutions to reduce energy consumption in traditional Iranian buildings are limited, among the studies that have been conducted in this field, we can mention the article "Traditional Architecture Values of Semnan City in Optimizing Energy Consumption" written by Amir Hossein Salar, which describes the theoretical expression of architecture. Traditional has paid. In today's architecture, it is tried to ensure that the building can meet the thermal needs of the residents with minimal energy consumption, according to its design patterns. Meanwhile, traditional and native buildings in different climates of Iran are very suitable examples for examining the design patterns used in them. In this regard, this article aims to investigate the role of the orientation of the central courtyards of traditional houses in the hot and humid climate of Iran, from the point of view of optimizing the building's energy consumption and also creating thermal comfort for the residents. Hormozgan province is one of the hot and humid regions of Iran. In general, the weather of this province is influenced by desert and semi-desert weather. The weather of the coastal strip is very hot and humid in summers, but the temperature in this area does not exceed 52 degrees Celsius. The research process has been such that firstly, the site and the climate of the region, as well as the desired scenarios for the pattern of the central courtyards in the desired context, have been investigated and recognized. Then, with the help of simulation in Design Builder software, the orientation pattern of the central courtyards has been analyzed in line with the research objectives. Finally, the desired results are presented in terms of energy consumption and thermal comfort of users. In this regard, library studies, water and meteorological information and computer simulation with the help of Design Builder software have been used. Finally, the research results have shown; The use of the pattern of central courtyards in a rectangular shape with a width to length ratio of one half with an east-west orientation has been able to reduce energy consumption in the building by about 12%. Also, effective factors in thermal comfort such as; The air temperature and speed should set the radiation temperature acceptable at the threshold of the comfort of the users, and in a way, the conditions for creating the thermal comfort of the users in the space will be provided and the amount of energy consumption of the building will be reduced. Finally, it can be said that; The studies conducted show that there has not been much study on the influence of the orientation of central courtyards in residential buildings, especially in the hot and humid climate of Iran, using computer simulation. Also, the use of computer simulation to achieve more authentic and realistic results can be very useful; Therefore, in this article, the pattern of central courtyards in traditional houses in hot and humid climates has been investigated in terms of energy consumption and thermal comfort with the help of computer simulation and field studies to achieve the optimal pattern of central courtyards in this climate. The field studies conducted in the context of Dezful city show that in the traditional context of this climate, the pattern of the central courtyard has responded well to the needs of the residents. Therefore, this architectural element can be used well in new contexts and newly built houses, in order to meet the thermal needs of residents and reduce energy consumption costs. Therefore, this article seeks to investigate the orientation in the pattern of the central courtyards of this climate and provide the optimal pattern for the purposes of the research. For this reason, it seems that such a research is necessary and necessary.It also provided the conditions for achieving thermal comfort for the users to a large extent. In fact, it can be seen that by using traditional architectural elements and solutions in the body of today's buildings, it is possible to advance buildings in the direction of reducing energy consumption. Central courtyards in the heart of traditional buildings can be well used as one of these elements and solutions for the aforementioned goals and have an effective role in architecture. در معماری عصر حاضر سعی بر این است که ساختمان بتواند با توجه به الگوهای طراحی خویش، نیازهای حرارتی ساکنین را با استفاده از حداقل مصرف انرژی تأمین نماید. در این میان ساختمان های سنتی و بومی در اقلیم های مختلف ایران نمونه های بسیار مناسبی برای بررسی الگوهای طراحی بکارگرفته شده در آن ها می باشند. در این جهت، مقاله حاضر، باهدف بررسی نقش جهت گیری حیاط های مرکزی خانه های سنتی در اقلیم گرم و مرطوب ایران، از دیدگاه بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی ساختمان و همچنین ایجاد آسایش حرارتی ساکنین انجام شده است. در این راستا از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، اطلاعات آب و هواشناسی و شبیه‌سازی رایانه‌ای به کمک نرم‌افزار دیزاین بیلدر استفاده شده است. در نهایت نتایج تحقیق نشان داده است؛ استفاده از الگوی حیاط های مرکزی به شکل مستطیلی با هندسه نسبت عرض به طول یک دوم با جهت گیری شرقی غربی توانسته است تا حدود 12 درصد در کاهش مصرف انرژی در ساختمان نقش داشته باشد. همچنین عوامل موثر در آسایش حرارتی همچون؛ دمای و سرعت هوا، دمای تشعشعی را نیز به طور قایل قبولی در آستانه آسایش کاربران قرار دهد و به نوعی هم شرایط ایجاد آسایش حرارتی کاربران در فضا فراهم آید و هم میزان مصرف انرژی ساختمان کاهش یابد.

https://www.ispdrc.ir/article_713704_b1951714c144ffc74817ed013ed8f1d3.pdf

انجمن علمی پدافند غیرعامل ایران شهر ایمن 2676-556X 7 4 2024 11 21 Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Failure Patterns of High-Strength Bolts in Conventional Tensile Test Methods بررسی تجربی و عددی الگوهای‌ خرابی پیچ‌های پرمقاومت در روش‌های متداول آزمایش‌ کشش 15 27 713705 10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2029732.1105 FA علی زردکوهی گروه سازه، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران 0009-0005-7178-6789 جواد کاتبی گروه سازه، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران 0000-0002-6893-4526 یوسف حسین زاده گروه سازه، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران 0000-0003-4764-5458 Journal Article 2024 05 20 ABSTRACT The tensile strength of high-strength bolts is determined by two test methods. In the first method, the tensile strength of the bolt is determined using a nut. The second method uses the device introduced in ISO instead of the nut. In the tested bolts, two failure patterns are observed,the bolt thread stripping and fracture in the threaded length of bolt. In this research, in addition to the experiment, the elastic-plastic numerical simulation of the bolt failure pattern was also performed in Finite element software. The results of the study show that the frequency of the thread stripping failure pattern is 4% in the bolt tension test with the ISO device and 90% in the bolt tension test with the nut. In addition, the tensile strength obtained from the bolt tension test with a nut is lower than the bolt tension test method with the ISO device. According to the frequency of the failure pattern in each method, the bolt tension test with the ISO device leads to the determination of the tensile strength of the bolt material, and the bolt tension test with the nut leads to the evaluation of the tensile strength of the bolt and nut assembly. Due to the compatibility of bolt and nut performance in steel structure, this research suggests performing tensile test of bolt and nut, in addition to other tests. Keywords: Bolt Failure Pattern, Thread Stripping, High-Strength Bolt, Bolt Tensile Test, Tensile Strength. Introduction bolts are one of the most important components of a bolted connections, and its failure will be more destructive than the failure of other components, and even the failure caused by the weakness of the bolts in the connections can be progressive. Therefore, the importance of bolt inspection reveals the need for more accuracy and study in this field. In case of inaccuracy in the selection of bolts, contrary to expectation, a lower level of safety will be achieved. Therefore, not paying attention to any part of the inspection process of bolts will cause errors in the test results, and ultimately this will cause wrong approval to be issued for the use of rejected bolts in the structure. The tensile strength test of bolts is done in two common ways in laboratories. In this study, while performing both common methods of testing the tensile strength of Bolts, the frequency of failure patterns in each method was investigated. In this regard, the previous related studies and the statistics and frequency of each pattern were examined in the test methods. Numerical simulation was also performed for both tensile test methods. 2. Methodology 2.1. Prerequisite tests for testing the tensile strength of bolts In this study, before performing the tensile test, Decarbonization test (ISO 898-1, 2013), Charpy impact test at -20 degrees Celsius (EN ISO 148-1, 2016), Proof load on the nut (ISO 898-2, 2012), was conducted on both specimens. The reason for conducting these three tests was that the results of the experimental failure pattern belonged to the bolts according to the standard, and possibly the results of the non-standard bolts should not be relied upon, and thus the health of the bolt and nut threads was examined as much as possible. In all three mentioned tests, all the specimens confirmed the standard conditions. 2.2. Common tests to determine the tensile strength of bolts The tensile strength of high-strength Bolts is determined by two test methods. At first method, the tensile test is doing with bolt and nut and but by second method, ISO 898-1 (2013) device fastended instead of nut on the bolt. On the Bolts fracture, observed two damage Pattern, the thread striping and fracture in the threaded length of bolt (Fig 1). 3. Results and discussion To evaluate the frequency of the failure pattern in the two test methods, the statistics of the failure pattern in the two test methods were collected and analyzed from several laboratories (fig 2). 4. Conclusion In this research, according to the results obtained from the laboratory investigation, the frequency of the failure pattern and the numerical simulation, we obtain the following important results: • Bolt performance in joints is more conformity with bolt-to-nut tensile testing. • The tensile strength of the bolt with nut is lower than the tensile strength of the bolt with the ISO 898-1 device, and it will not be correct to refer to the number obtained from the tensile test with the ISO 898-1 device as the tensile strength of the bolt and nut set. • Pre-tensioning or over-tightening will cause the thread stripping and the strength of the bolt to decrease significantly. This defect does not have any visible symptoms and therefore it can be frequent. • The shortness of the bolt length can reduce the tensile strength of the bolt and nut and thread stripping when pre-tensioning the bolt. Based on the results of this research, the tensile test of bolt with nut is suggested, in addition to other test methods. 5. References ISO 898-1: 2013 (E), 2013. Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel. ISO 148-1: 2016 (E), 2016. Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — ISO 898-2: 2012 (E), 2012. Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes —Coarse thread and fine pitch thread. استحکام‌ کششی پیچ‌های پرمقاومت، با دو شیوه آزمایش تعیین می‌شود. در روش اول، مقاومت کششی‌ پیچ‌ با استفاده از ‌مهره، تعیین ‌می‌گردد. اما در روش دوم، به‌جای مهره از ابزار معرفی‌شده در استاندارد ایزو استفاده ‌می‌شود. در پیچ‌های مورد آزمایش، دو الگوی‌خرابی مشاهده ‌می‌شود، ‌‌لهیدگی ‌رزوه‌ی پیچ و گسیختگی پیچ از ناحیه کاهش ‌یافته رزوه‌. در این تحقیق علاوه برانجام آزمایش، شبیه سازی عددی الاستیک _ پلاستیک الگوی خرابی پیچ‌ها، در نرم افزار اجزاء محدود، نیز انجام شده است. نتایج مطالعه حاظر نشان ‌می‌دهد، فراوانی الگوی خرابی لهیدگی رزوه، در آزمایش کشش پیچ با ابزار ایزو، چهار درصد و در آزمایش کشش پیچ با مهره 90 درصد است. در ضمن استحکام کششی حاصل از آزمایش کشش پیچ ‌با‌ مهره، کمتر از روش آزمایش کشش پیچ با ابزار ایزو است. با توجه به درصد فراوانی الگوی خرابی در هر روش آزمایش معلوم می گردد، آزمایش کشش پیچ با ابزار ایزو منجر به تعیین استحکام کششی مصالح پیچ و آزمایش کشش پیچ با مهره، منجر به ارزیابی استحکام کششی مجموعه پیچ و مهره می‌گردد. به دلیل مطابقت عملکرد پیچ و مهره در طراحی و اجرای سازه های فولادی، این‌تحقیق انجام آزمایش‌کشش پیچ ‌با ‌مهره را، علاوه بر انجام سایر آزمایش‌ها پیشنهاد می‌نماید.

https://www.ispdrc.ir/article_713705_8a4999df142eafa162204dcf5e5d1767.pdf

انجمن علمی پدافند غیرعامل ایران شهر ایمن 2676-556X 7 4 2024 11 21 Strategic explanation of sustainable regeneration of Fardis city in inefficient contexts with SWOT system analysis approach تبیین راهبردی بازآفرینی پایدار شهر فردیس در بافت‌های ناکارآمد با رویکرد تحلیل سیستمی SWOT 28 50 718692 10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2029534.1102 FA پیمانه عسگری استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-8365-0679 نرجس فرامرزی مربی، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران نهال گودرزی کارشناس ارشد، گروه مدیریت پروژه، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. 0009-0003-9956-6169 Journal Article 2024 05 19 This research is related to the inefficient fabric of a city, which has different social, economic, physical and environmental dimensions, and knowing each dimension requires its own method. The main methods in collecting physical data and information are observation and receiving information from relevant bodies and organizations, and questionnaire and interview methods are effective for obtaining social information, as well as documentary and library studies, which provide valuable information in relation to this issue. provides us. Among the common and practical techniques in the quantitative method is the use of questionnaires and in the qualitative method, interview and observation. In getting to know the neighborhood, interviews with key informants, interviews with neighborhood residents, direct observation, questionnaires, as well as physical and field impressions have been used. In relation to documentary information, Fardis city regeneration plan and specialized articles have been used to collect information. The spatial frame in this research is the area of the approved urban inefficient fabric of Fardis city. The statistical population under questioning is made up of the residents of inefficient neighborhoods, which after determining the statistical attribute through the guide sample, the estimation of the sample size is done through the formula of estimating binomial distributions. Sustainable urban regeneration is a complete and integrated approach in evaluating inefficient urban structures. The purpose of this research is strategic planning to investigate and analyze the inefficient and dilapidated parts of Fardis city and to adopt operational methods with system analysis techniques, which is done through the analysis of the mutual influence of economic, social, environmental, physical, managerial and legal factors. Is. The method of data collection was by using observation, interview and data of the organs and organizations of Fardis city, and library and documentary studies were also used. After collecting information using SWOT technique, classified information and situation evaluation indicators were prepared. From the intersection of the final score of the matrix of external factors with the number of 3.24 and the final score of the matrix of internal factors with the number of 3.01, it can be said that the inefficient fabric of Fardis city is in an aggressive position (maximum-maximum). In this situation, for strategic planning, three managerial strategies of cooperative improvement, provision of renovation facilities and local institution building can be used. According to the points given to the effective indicators, the index of physical factors and then social factors have the most points. These three strategies are physical, environmental, social and managerial. The method of collecting physical data and information is to observe and receive information from the relevant bodies and organizations, and to obtain social information, questionnaires and interviews have been used. We have also used documentary and library studies. A total of 37,392 people live in the worn-out structures of Fardis city. According to Cochran's formula, the number of samples was 87 samples, and the questionnaire was completed by the residents of dysfunctional contexts during many days and at different times. In this research, interviews were conducted with the vice president of urban planning, management of water and electricity department and local investors. Finally, in order to recreate the city of Fardis, the formation of three executive working groups was proposed. Environmental improvement working group, renovation working group and neighborhood social working group with the membership of management institutions and local residents for sustainable participation. With a strategic and systemic view of the problem, the indicators that were counted from the neighborhood were evaluated and weighted, and the SWAT technique was used to establish the mutual relationship between the indicators, and the internal and external conditions of the inefficient tissue were investigated. From the intersection of the final score of the matrix of external factors with the number 3.24 and the final score of the matrix of internal factors with the number 3.01, it can be said that the inefficient structure of Fardis city is in an aggressive position (maximum-maximum). In this approach, the most focus is on the strengths of the neighborhood and external opportunities. Adopting strategies in an aggressive approach are: 1- Participatory improvement 2- Granting renovation facilities 3- Local institution building; According to the points given to the effective indicators, the index of physical factors and then social factors have the most points. بازآفرینی پایدار شهری رویکردی کامل و یکپارچه در ارزیابی بافت‌های ناکارامد شهری است. هدف این پژوهش برنامه ریزی راهبردی جهت بررسی و تحلیل بخش‌های ناکارامد و فرسوده شهر فردیس و اتخاذ کارراهه‌های عملیاتی با تکنیک‌های تحلیل سیستمی است که از طریق تحلیل اثرگذاری متقابل عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست محیطی، کالبدی، مدیریتی و حقوقی انجام پذیرفته است. روش جمع آوری داده ها با استفاده از مشاهده، مصاحبه و داده‌های ارگان‌ها و سازمان‌های شهر فردیس بوده و همچنین از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی نیز بهره گرفته شده است. پس از گردآوری اطلاعات با استفاده از تکنیک swot اطلاعات طبقه بندی شده و شاخص‌های ارزیابی وضعیت تهیه گردید. از تلاقی نمره نهایی ماتریس عوامل خارجی با عدد 24/3 و نمره نهایی ماتریس عوامل داخلی با عدد 01/3 می‌توان گفت که بافت ناکارآمد شهر فردیس در موقعیت تهاجمی (حداکثر-حداکثر) قرار دارد. در این موقعیت جهت برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی می‌توان از سه راهبرد مدیریتی بهسازی مشارکتی، ارائه تسهیلات نوسازی و نهادسازی محلی استفاده نمود. با توجه به امتیازات داده شده به شاخص‌های موثر، شاخص عوامل کالبدی و سپس عوامل اجتماعی دارای بیشترین امتیاز هستند. این سه راهبرد از جنس کالبدی، زیست محیطی، اجتماعی و مدیریتی هستند. نهایتا جهت بازآفرینی شهر فردیس تشکیل سه کارگروه اجرایی پیشنهاد گردید. کارگروه بهسازی محیطی، کارگروه نوسازی و کارگروه اجتماعی محلات با عضویت نهادهای مدیریتی و ساکنین محلی جهت مشارکت پایدار.

https://www.ispdrc.ir/article_718692_503f5f3293561fa6351f0b815d7e40c5.pdf

انجمن علمی پدافند غیرعامل ایران شهر ایمن 2676-556X 7 4 2024 11 21 Spatial-locative organization strategies of informal settlements (Case study: Murad Ab Karaj Hill) راهبردهای سامان دهی فضایی-مکانی سکونتگاه های غیررسمی (مطالعه موردی: تپه مراد آب کرج) 51 68 713706 10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2026406.1094 FA سیدعلی شریفی دانشجوی دکترای شهر سازی، گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران کرامت اله زیاری استادگروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-9135-4768 محمدرضا خطیبی دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، واحدقزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین، قزوین، ایران Journal Article 2024 04 13 Abstract The current research was carried out with the aim of developing spatial- locative organizing strategies of informal settlements. In this regard, data was analyzed using the descriptive-analytical method as a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The research sample includes 50 urban experts and specialists who were purposefully sampled. In order to achieve the goals of the research, SWOT analysis was used first and then QSPM matrix. In the following, the T-test has been used to evaluate the current situation of the informal settlement of Moradab Hill in Karaj. The results of SWOT analysis led to the formation of 14 strengths, 26 weaknesses, 17 opportunities and 17 threats. Next, using quantitative strategic planning (QSPM), the spatial-spatial organization strategy of this settlement was developed. The results of SWOT analysis led to the formation of 14 strengths, 26 weaknesses, 17 opportunities and 17 threats. Also, based on the results of quantitative strategic planning, 5 strategies were identified for the organization of informal settlements in Murad Ab Karaj hill, which include: preparation of a comprehensive study plan for organization related to sustainable urban regeneration in the form of a comprehensive joint action plan with regard to short-term time levels , mid-term, long-term and defining the role of each of the public, private and public participation organizations and institutions; facilitating the entry of the private sector into urban regeneration projects; organizing informal settlements; Using the capacities of the residents of informal settlements to recreate the target neighborhoods and create employment; Increasing security and preventing the occurrence of social harms through making available urban spaces in neighborhoods. In addition, the results of the t-test showed that none of the indicators mentioned in this settlement were in a favorable condition and the average scores obtained from the respondents were lower than the theoretical average at a significance level of 0.01. The formation of the informal settlement and biological center of Morad Ab Karaj Hill, which started in the late 50s, with its marginal position in the city, in recent decades, the discussion of urban poverty and informal settlements is more and more tied to the concept of urban sustainability, the available evidence shows that Many cities in developing countries have not been able to provide favorable conditions for the life of a large part of their residents, on the other hand, due to the poverty of a large group of citizens, many needs have been provided at the expense of the urban environment, and as a result, the urban environment It faces major problems and instability. Karaj has special characteristics. Moradab Hill is located in the eastern part of Karaj city and in the lands of Islamabad, and it is under the supervision of Region 1 of the 12 regions of Karaj Municipality. The disturbances and poverty prevailing in the area have caused that social and cultural relationships are not formed in a proper and appropriate manner with other parts of the city in this place, which has hindered the communication and connection of this space with other urban complexes in the process of forming its historical period, from Therefore, this space (Tepe Murad Ab) continued its life in a fragmented, isolated and introverted way in relation to others, and this caused the said center not to have the necessary legitimacy as an urban biological space, and the programs carried out in the area Also, there has been no effective action in solving the main problem and the problem is still within the limits. Therefore, due to the importance of the issue, spatial-spatial organization of this space and planning to improve the existing situation has been of great importance. Because the intensity of the development of the studied area and the ever-increasing speed of migrations and informal settlements on the one hand and the inability of the municipality and relevant institutions to improve informal structures and organize them on the other hand, the necessity of research on determining the pattern of spatial-spatial organization in Moradab Hill of Karaj made it inevitable. Since the present research deals with the spatial-spatial organization strategies of the informal settlement of Moradab hill in Karaj-Mer, therefore, its method is descriptive-analytical, and to collect the information of this research, library and documentary methods, direct observation methods, and field and survey methods are used. Interviews with urban experts and specialists and preparation of questionnaires were used. After that, a table of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats has been prepared. The research sample includes 50 experts and specialists related to the subject who were purposefully sampled. After selecting the sample population, the evaluation matrix of internal factors (IFE) and external factors (EFE) was formed and in order to determine the coefficient of each factor and make decisions about strategic factors with high and low importance, the opinions of the sample population were used until the results to be used from the matrices to get the final score. In the next step, through the SWOT matrix and comparative assessment, the SWOT matrix was created in the form of SO, ST, WO and WT guidelines, and then, using the QSPM matrix, the most prioritized strategy for the sustainable regeneration of informal settlements in Rasht city was extracted. In the end, T-test was used to evaluate the current situation of this settlement based on economic, social, physical-infrastructural and environmental indicators. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین راهبردهای سامان‌دهی فضایی–مکانی سکونتگاه‌های غیر رسمی صورت پذیرفت. در این راستا با استفاده از روش توصیفی – تحلیلی به‌صورت تلفیقی از روش‌های کمی و کیفی اقدام به تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات گردید. نمونه تحقیق شامل 50 نفر از کارشناسان و متخصصان شهری می‌باشد که به‌صورت هدفمند نمونه‌گیری شده‌اند. در راستای دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش، در ابتدا از تحلیل سوات و پس‌ازآن از ماتریس QSPM استفاده گردید. در ادامه نیز از آزمون T–test جهت ارزیابی وضعیت موجود سکونتگاه غیر رسمی تپه مراد آب کرج استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل سوات منجر به شکل‌گیری 14 قوت، 26 ضعف، 17 فرصت و 17 تهدید گردید. در ادامه با استفاده از برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک کمی (QSPM) اقدام به تدوین راهبرد سامان‌دهی فضایی–مکانی این سکونتگاه پرداخته شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل سوات منجر به شکل‌گیری 14 قوت، 26 ضعف، 17 فرصت و 17 تهدید گردید. همچنین بر اساس نتایج حاصل از برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک کمی، 5 راهبرد جهت سامان‌دهی سکونتگاه غیر رسمی در تپه مراد آب کرج شناسایی گردید که شامل: تهیه طرح مطالعاتی جامع سامان‌دهی مرتبط با بازآفرینی شهری پایدار در قالب برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک با توجه به سطوح زمانی کوتاه‌مدت، میان‌مدت، بلندمدت و مشخص کردن نقش هرکدام از سازمان‌ها و نهادهای دولتی، خصوصی و مشارکت مردمی؛ تسهیل ورود بخش خصوصی به پروژه‌های بازآفرینی شهری؛ سامان‌دهی محلات سکونتگاه‌های غیر رسمی؛ استفاده از ظرفیت‌های ساکنین سکونتگاه‌های غیر رسمی جهت بازآفرینی محلات هدف و ایجاد اشتغال؛ افزایش امنیت و جلوگیری از بروز آسیب‌های اجتماعی از طریق حضور پذیر نمودن فضاهای شهری موجود در محلات می‌باشد. به‌علاوه نتایج حاصل از آزمون t–test نشان داد که هیچ یک از شاخص‌های مطرح شده در این سکونتگاه در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار نداشته و میانگین نمرات به‌دست‌آمده از پاسخگویان در سطح معناداری 01/0 کمتر از میانگین نظری می‌باشد.

https://www.ispdrc.ir/article_713706_70c7b99257edee2c84130439226a9f33.pdf

انجمن علمی پدافند غیرعامل ایران شهر ایمن 2676-556X 7 4 2024 11 21 Criteria for Successful After Disaster Housing Reconstruction Program معیارهای برنامه موفق بازسازی مسکن پس از زلزله 69 90 713759 10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2026260.1093 FA فاطمه السادات حسینی دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی زلزله، دانشگاه امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران 0009-0001-4274-0432 محمد مهدی عبداله زاده گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران 0009-0003-4964-3285 محسن فضلوی استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای، تهران، ایران 0000-0003-0012-7944 هومن معتمد عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده مدیریت خطرپذیری پژوهشگاه بین‌المللی زلزله‌شناسی و مهندسی زلزله Journal Article 2024 04 09 Introduction Located in the Alpine-Himalayan seismic zone, Iran is considered one of the most seismic countries in the world. After recent disasters and extensive destruction of urban and rural housing, various approaches to rebuild housing have been noticed by planners and policy makers. However, few researches comprehensively have dealt with this issue and considering many different factors. Identifying, categorizing and scoring the effective criteria on the reconstruction of housing after the earthquake, the research purpose is creating a comprehensive model for the management of after disaster housing. Methodology The research strategy is Analytical one based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). At first, more than 200 qualitative contents of technical literature of permanent housing reconstruction were extracted, and in the next step, a comprehensive list of effective measures was identified in the planning of the housing reconstruction program. In the third step, by analyzing the obtained sources, the number of 58 criteria that have the greatest effect on the successful implementation of a reconstruction program was identified. In the fourth step, after discussing and exchanging opinions with experts and considering the practical aspects of implementing the model, as well as based on the quantitative information obtained from the results of the second step, it was decided to reduce the number of criteria to 4 groups of main criteria and 17 sub-criteria. These factors have been fully described in the extraction of criteria and effective factors in reconstruction. The final step was to set up a pairwise comparison questionnaire and conduct a survey by 31 experts. The results were analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and their validity was determined by scoring each of the criteria. Results and discussion The criteria are categorized in 4 main groups of “Coordination and organizational affairs”, “Technical and engineering affairs”, “Economic and financial affairs”, and “Social participation and community affairs”. Prioritized by experts, the factors of “Economic and financial affairs” and “Coordination and organizational affairs” are recognized the most influence, and it is followed by the next priorities “Technical and engineering affairs” and “Social participation and community affairs”. sub-factors would be listed as: Cooperation between public authorities, Coordination between local and national administrations and volunteers in the reconstruction program, The existence of government structures and organizations, Coordination between governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (Organizational sub-factor) “Updating and modifying construction standards and regulations”, “Applying new construction methods and technologies” and “Considering the principles of sustainable development in construction”, “Use of local labor”, “Qualification of contractors and skill of local workers”, “Continuous monitoring and evaluation” (performance evaluation), “Quality and speed of construction”, (Technical sub-factors) “Expediting the payment of emergency funds” (financial assistance and loans), “Long-term budget plans to finance the reconstruction in the country”, “Public accident insurance coverage” (Financial sub-factor) Considering local culture and lifestyle, Safety and public health, Considering the situation of vulnerable groups (indigent people, female-headed households, the elderly, etc.), Effective consultation with key stakeholders and beneficiaries of the reconstruction (Social sub-factor). Among the sub-factors higher priorities are “Long-term budget plans to finance the reconstruction in the country”, “Public accident insurance coverage”, and “Coordination between local and national administrations and volunteers” in the reconstruction program, found to have the greatest impact on the success of post-disaster reconstruction. Factors such as “Use of local labor”, “Updating and modification of construction standards and regulations”, and “Effective consultation with key stakeholders and beneficiaries of the reconstruction program” were identified as the three factors with the least priority. The prioritization shows that, despite common opinion, from the point of view of this group of experts, factors such as social participation, are not among the main success factors of reconstruction programs, and instead, financial and organizational affairs are more important. This issue can be investigated and evaluated in other groups of experts. Conclusion The analysis finally led to a model that shows a prioritized set of main factors affecting the success of reconstruction project and can be used to evaluate the success of reconstruction projects and programs. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. کشور ایران از لرزه‌خیزترین کشورهای جهان محسوب می‌شود. پس از وقوع زمین‌لرزه‌های مخرب معاصر در ایران و به دنبال آن ویرانی گسترده مسکن شهری و روستایی، رویکردهای مختلفی در راستای بازسازی مسکن پس از سانحه مورد توجه برنامه‌ریزان و سیاست‌گذاران قرارگرفته است. هدف از این مقاله شناسایی، دسته بندی و امتیازدهی معیارهای موثر بر بازسازی مسکن پس از زلزله و در نهایت ایجاد مدلی برای مدیریت تأمین مسکن پس از وقوع سانحه است. راهبرد کلی حاکم بر پژوهش راهبرد تحلیلی، مبتنی بر تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی است. مراحل انجام پژوهش ابتدا با مرور منابع، به صورت تلفیقی از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، جستجوی اینترنتی ادبیات فنی و گزارش‌ها، مطالعه اسناد بالادست و همچنین مصاحبه‌ با مسئولان ومهندسان دست‌اندرکار امر بازسازی مسکن بوده است. از این طریق بیش از 200 مقاله و مرجع علمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و حدود ۷۰ معیار اولیه شناسایی شد. پس از تدقیق آنها، ۵۸ معیار متمایز شناسایی و در قالب 9 گروه معیار اصلی دسته‌بندی شد. سپس به‌منظور ارزیابی و اولویت‌بندی از طریق نتایج پرسش نامة تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی به صورت مقایسه دودویی وزن‌دهی و رتبه‌بندی شده اند که مدل نهایی به 4 گروه معیار اصلی و 17 زیرمعیار کاهش یافت. ماحصل این بررسی مدلی است با عنوان «چرخة حیات بازسازی پس از سانحه» که با وزن‌دهی این معیارها و زیرمعیارها برای برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت و همچنین ارزیابی پروژه‌های بازسازی پس از سانحه قابل استفاده است. به علاوه این مدل در شناسایی و کاهش مشکلات اجرایی و مدیریتی و همچنین دستیابی به نتایج مطلوب در بازسازی بهینه نقش مؤثری دارد.

https://www.ispdrc.ir/article_713759_13b820ccfec1b5b5c2d600190fbc0b29.pdf

انجمن علمی پدافند غیرعامل ایران شهر ایمن 2676-556X 7 4 2024 12 10 Effective and effective consequences of urban development and climate change, a two-way relationship in the direction of adaptability to global scenarios مؤلفه‌های اثرگذار و اثر پذیر توسعه شهری و تغییرات اقلیمی، یک رابطه دو سویه در جهت انطباق پذیری با سناریوهای جهانی 91 112 714214 10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2030160.1108 FA مصطفی بصیری گروه شهرسازی و معماری، واحد ایلخچی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلخچی، ایران 0000-0002-3013-1496 نسیم علیزاده واحد گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان.، ایران محمدرضا عباسی نادرپور گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان.، ایران بهناز امین نیری دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد بین المللی ارس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران 0000-0002-7596-2736 Journal Article 2024 05 26 Results and discussion Considering the involvement of the human factor and as the main factor in the formation of the climate change crisis and the impact and effectiveness of this factor and the crisis on each other and in the direction of the adaptability of two-way communication with global scenarios, therefore, all the components and indicators that are in this issue and The issues are important and they have been explained and extracted based on the review of opinions and previous researches, as well as relying on the development of the literature and the basics of research; It includes the economic component with indicators (sustainable consumption, production and property, control of economic opportunities, the cost of infrastructure systems, perhori), the social component with indicators (participation, social classes, social facilities, mental health), the environmental component with indicators (in two health sectors and energy with indicators of microclimatic changes, access to water and food resources, local energy independence, zero carbon, integrated energy, type of construction, geographical location, demand reduction, elimination of inefficient energies), functional component with indicators (land use, transport and transportation, distance control, urban network connections, mix of uses, green and blue infrastructures, technological systems), anatomical-anatomical component with indicators (morphology, ossification, view to the sky, geometry type of components, control of urban plans). Conclusion Based on evidence and statistical findings, the climate of the planet is warming, especially in urban areas. The effects of climate change on cities and citizens in environmental, social and economic fields are destructive and harmful, one of the main challenges of cities in this field is the increase of heat resources, which is known as the phenomenon of urban heat islands. This heating affects most of the characteristics of the human living environment. In the cities, the heat island of the city becomes more intense, and the air pollution of the urban environment increases. Energy consumption increases to create favorable living conditions. In general, the increase in temperature in the urban environment causes problems and heavy costs. The only solution to prevent or at least moderate these problems is to change the social, economic, environmental, functional and physical structure of the city to adapt to this warming process and as a result climate changes. Unfortunately, climate change and the effects of urban structure on the city's climate are not taken into account nowadays in decisions for the development of cities. Therefore, the importance of city planning and policy-making to make them resilient against climate change should be considered by officials and experts in this field. Therefore, the first step in dealing with the issue of climate change crisis can be found in informing and creating high sensitivity and awareness in organizations related to city management and climate change and citizens. This awareness can cause serious determination of the officials of the related bodies and public participation in the direction of managing and reducing the risk of greenhouse gas production factors. In the next step, by using the research and experiences of cities in adaptation programs to the effects of climate change, we should take into account the strategies of adaptation to climate changes in planning, management, design, economy, society and urban environment He took steps towards the creation of resilient cities Against climate change, the main steps were taken to create a network of programs, strategies and schedules about the common characteristics between the impact and the impact of climate change and cities. Key Words adaptability, Climate change, global scenarios, urban development. References - Belcakova, I., Diviakova, A., & Belaňová, E. (2017, October). Ecological Footprint in relation to Climate Change Strategy in Cities. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 6, p. 062021). IOP Publishing. - Carter, J. G. (2018). Urban climate change adaptation: Exploring the implications of future land cover scenarios. Cities, 77, 73-80.‏ - Doherty, M., Klima, K., & Hellmann, J. J. (2016). Climate change in the urban environment: Advancing, measuring and achieving resiliency. Environmental Science & Policy, 66, 310-313. - North, P., Nurse, A., & Barker, T. (2017). The neoliberalisation of climate? Progressing climate policy under austerity urbanism. Environment and Planning A, 49(8), 1797-1815. - Paszkowski, Z. W., & Golebiewski, J. I. (2017). The Renewable Energy City within the City. The Climate Change Oriented Urban Design-Szczecin Green Island. Energy Procedia, 115, 423-430.‏ Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. تغییرات اقلیمی مهم‌ترین بحران قرن حاضر شناخته شده است که بسیاری از دانشمندان و محققان عامل اصلی وقوع آن را فعالیت‌های انسانی به ویژه در سطح شهرها می‌دانند، اما باید عنوان نمود که تغییر اقلیم نه تنها متأثر از عوامل انسانی و شهری است، بلکه بر آنها نیز تأثیر گذار خواهند بود و پیامدهای مختلفی را به دنبال خواهد داشت. این فرایند چرخشی با توجه به تسریع تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای و فعالیت‌های صنعتی روز افزون به مراتب اکوسیستم شهری و طبیعی را بیشتر در معرض خطر قرار می‌دهد. بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش، شناخت عوامل تأثیر گذار و تأثیرپذیر چه در سطح شهری و چه در سطح طبیعی و ارائه راهکارهای کارگشاتر و مدیریت قابل قبول‌تر در عرصه محلی و جهانی جهت مقابله با خطرات ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی بودده است که در این راستا از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی- استدلال منطقی استفاده شده است. طبق بررسی ادبیات پژوهش و بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تحلیل و بررسی و تکیه بر استنباط و تجزیه و تحلیل مبانی ؛ عوامل مهمی همچون اقتصاد، اجتماع، عملکرد و زیرساخت‌ها، کالبد و ریخت شهری، زیست محیطی به عنوان عوامل اصلی و ریز فاکتورهای هر کدام به صورت کاملاً تفکیک شده، راه را برای ارائه راه‌حل‌های دقیق‌تر و تخصصی‌تر جهت مقابله با تغییرات اقلیمی (علل رخداد، اثرات و پیامدها) هموارتر می‌سازد و راهنمایی برای علاقه‌مندان و پژوهشگران حوزه محیط زیست، شهرسازی، معماری، اجتماع، اقتصاد، سیاست مدیریتی و... می-باشد.

https://www.ispdrc.ir/article_714214_20001dea42188db63824bf97bbeb646b.pdf