Safe City

Safe City

A Comparative Study of Safe Environment Toward Physical Design Theories and Providing a Design Guideline

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Khatereh Hemmati 1
Mohsen Faizi 1
Nasr Eslami Mojaveri 2
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning at Iran University of Science and Technology 3. Ph.D. of Architecture, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/ispdrc.2023.2003553.1032
Abstract
The issue of security and defense of one's territories, as one of the effective factors in social
sustainability, has been one of the primary human concerns until today. The importance of the impact of
physical characteristics on the security of an environment has been the concern of many contemporary
researchers. Theories such as defensible space, CPTED, safe growth, and psychological studies have each
looked at the subject from a different innovative perspective. In this research, we have tried to facilitate
the problem of designing a safe physical environment with a comprehensive approach to the subject, with
a comparative study of existing qualitative studies and providing a design guideline in the framework of a
different categorizing. Our assumption is that all the scattered parameters can be divided into the three
primary factors of territorial behavior, natural surveillance and Image; that we can categorize the physical
design requirements of a safe environment with logical reasoning by reviewing the historical-interpretive
background of the subject and its qualitative analysis. For this purpose, we considered the rest of the
scattered factors as a subset of one of these three general factors, and by classifying and labelling these
items, we obtained the secondary subset factors of the primary factors. Finally, the secondary parameters
of spatial structure, barriers were considered for territorial behavior, activity support and visibility for
natural surveillance, access control for both, and quality, maintenance, and target hardening for Image. In
Further studies, the degree of correlation and effectiveness of each of these factors can be discussed in the
final result of designing a safe environment. This design guideline can be used as design basis as passive
factors of a safe environment in urban design and neighborhood environments.
Keywords
Design Guideline
Safe growth
CPTED
Defensible Space
Territorial Behavior
Natural Surveillance
Subjects
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