Safe City

Safe City

Explaining the components of spatial configuration affecting social interactions in contemporary commercial centers of Qazvin city

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
mitra beigmohammadi 1
maryam charkhcian 2
Jamaleddin Soheili 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hashtgerd branch, Islamic Azad University, Hashtgerd, Iran.
2 Assistant professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin , Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2027624.1096
Abstract
Introduction
Urban and architectural spaces with various functions have platforms for creating sociable places and spaces, which include commercial centers. In the past, commercial centers played a role as traditional markets and today as malls or mega malls in cities for the life of cities and improving the quality of social interactions in addition to their commercial role. Also, it should be mentioned that architectural and urban spaces have an important role and influence in meeting the material and spiritual needs of citizens. On the other hand, the change in the structure of architectural spaces and urban planning has had an effect on the social interactions of citizens, which is one of the basic human needs, and this structural change is based on the theory of spatial configuration, which is based on the relationship between social behavior and the spatial structure of architectural and urban spaces. It is debatable. In the city of Qazvin, the bazaar was formed as one of the old markets of Iran and as the beating heart of this city during the Safavid era, and until now it has played a role as one of the main centers of social interactions in this city. The capabilities of accessibility, connectivity, readability, the combination of empty spaces and the different arrangement of spatial elements in the spatial configuration of this market have improved the quality of social interactions in this market and made it one of the lively public spaces in Qazvin city. Along with the success of traditional markets in forming and strengthening constructive social interactions; In order to respond to contemporary needs, contemporary commercial complexes played a role as one of the commercial spaces alongside the traditional markets.
Methodology
The current research is based on the nature and scope of the subject in the field of applied-developmental research, and in terms of the method of carrying out descriptive-analytical research. Quantitative analysis is also based on research survey studies based on weighted geographic regression model and normal regression model in examining the relationship between space layout components and the quality of social interactions in traditional and contemporary commercial spaces.
Results and discussion
In the traditional market of the city of Qazvin, the components of space layout accounted for 36% of the variance of social interactions, the Alborz commercial complex accounted for 42% of the variance of social interactions, and the Mehrumah complex accounted for 38% of the variance of social interactions, which means that the independent variable that includes space layout, It can explain the amount of changes in the quality of social interactions better and more. Also, on the basis of multivariable regression, the indicators of the space layout of the traditional market are 51%, Alborz commercial complex is 57%, and Mehromah is 52% of the variance of social interactions. Multivariate is more suitable than regression model. In general, the effect of space layout indicators on social interactions is as follows: in the traditional market, the index of interconnectedness, depth, connection, selection, and access have the largest share of influence on social interactions. In the Alborz commercial complex, the indicators of clarity, connection, interconnection, access and control respectively have the most impact on social interaction. Also, in the Mehrumah complex, clarity, coherence, accessibility and connection have the greatest impact on the social interaction of users.
Conclusion
Based on the separation of study spaces, the effect of space layout on the quality of social interactions is as follows:- Traditional commercial spaces: In the traditional market, the index of interconnectedness, depth, connection, choice and access respectively have the largest share of influence on social interactions, and based on the analysis of deepmap maps and spatial features, traditional market rows can be considered as a space that encourages citizens. It can be defined that according to it, access to other spaces of the market is easy and causes spatial coherence in the structure of the market.- Contemporary commercial spaces: in the Alborz commercial complex, the indicators of clarity, connection, interconnectedness, access and control respectively have the most impact on social interaction. Also, in the Mehrumah complex, clarity, coherence, accessibility and connection have the most effective contribution in the social interaction of users, which these components are due to the connection of the floors of the complex by means of a slope and also the presence of community-oriented spaces, such as the provision of art services in the space of the complex. which has a lot of access can be explained.
the components of spatial configuration included depth, interconnectedness, access, continuity (connection),clarity,control,choice and perception of space, based on the analysis of each, the perceptual characteristics of users of space can be presented. In response to the main question of the research, considering the architectural structure of study spaces in traditional commercial spaces, depth, connection, choice and access can be considered as effective factors in creating community-oriented spaces. Also, based on the application of studies in contemporary commercial spaces, clarity, interconnectedness, access and connection were considered as effective factors in social interaction.
Keywords
Spatial configuration
social interactions
contemporary commercial centers
traditional commercial spaces
Qazvin city
Subjects
-Abbaszadegan, Mustafa, (2008), urban design, the method of space arrangement in the process of urban design with a look at Yazd city, Urban Management Scientific Research Quarterly, No. 9, 64-75.
-Ahmed, Zafar, & Ghingold, Morry. & Dahari, Zainurin. (2007) Malaysian shopping mall behavior: an exploratory study, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol.19, No.4, pp.331-348.
-Baghernjad Hamze Kalaei, Bahar. (2024). Explaining and evaluating the qualitative components of public spaces quantitatively using the space layout method (case study: Ferdous Garden, Tehran). Bagh Nazar, 20(125):43-54.[In Persian].
-Bemanian, M., Jelvani, M., & Arjmandi, S. (2022). Spatial Configuration and the Islamic Philosophy in Isfahan Madrassah-Mosques (Case studies: Aqanur, Sheykh-Lotf Allah and Imam Mosques). Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies, 5(9), 141-157.[In Persian].
-Brenner, N. (2019). New urban spaces: Urban theory and the scale question. Oxford University Press.
-Chegeni, F., Didehban, M., & HESSARI, P. (2021). Space Configuration Cognation in Contemporary and Traditional Housing using Space Syntax Technique (Case Study: Borujerd Sufian Neighborhood). Journal of Architectural Thought, 5(9), 166-183. doi: 10.30479/at.2020.13095.1490.[In Persian].
-Daneshpour, Seyyed Abdulhadi, Charchchian, Maryam. (2000). Public spaces and factors affecting community life. Bagh Nazar Scientific Research Monthly, 4(7): 19-28.[In Persian].
-Davies, C., Mora, R., & Peebles, D. (2006). Isovists for orientation: Can space syntax help us predict directional confusion. In Proceedings of the space syntax and spatial cognition workshop, spatial cognition, pp. 81-92).
-Efroymson، D، TTKT Ha and PT Ha، (2009). Public Spaces، how they humanize cities. Health Bridge and WBB Trust، Dhaka.
-Guan, M., Cha, M., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Sun, J. (2020). From Anticipation to Action: Data Reveal Mobile Shopping Patterns During a Yearly Mega Sale Event in China. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.
-Guedes, p. (1979). Encyclopedia of Architectural Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
-Hamdani Golshan, Hamed, Explaining the relationship between spatial configuration and social interactions in the layout of contemporary residential quays, Narmak Quay, Yousefabad Quay and Shahrak Gharb, University of Tehran, School of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Doctoral Dissertation, July 24, 2018.[In Persian].
-Hesse, M., Dann, D., Braesemann, F., & Teubner, T. (2020). Understanding the platform economy: signals, trust, and social interaction. In Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
-Holscher, Christoph, Dalton, ruth Conroy (2007), Understanding Space: The Nascent Synthesis of Cognition and the Syntax of Spatial Morphologies, Proceedings of the Workshop held in Bremen, Germany.
- Hillier, B. (2007). Space is the machine, A configurational theory of architecture Space Syntax. London: UK.
-Jiang, B., Christopher (2009). Ranking Space for Predicting Human Movement in an Urban Environment. International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 23(7): 823-837.
-Khalifavi, Ahmed, Karamati, Ghazal, Sultanzadeh, Hossein, Mateen, Mehrdad (2024). Measuring the success rate of commercial complexes in organizing entertainment-shopping spaces (selected modern commercial complexes of Tehran: Tirajeh-Korush-Palladium and Tirajeh). Opinion, 15(62): 36-53. [In Persian].
-Mahdinejad, Jamaleddin, Najari, Rana. (2018). Evaluation of changes in the physical structure of traditional markets based on the role of the market in the urban space, a case example: Tabriz market. Scientific Journal of Architectural Andisheh, 3(6), 144-159. [In Persian].
-Manum, B., & Nordstrom, T. (2013). Integrating bicycle network analysis in urban design: Improving bikeability in Trondheim by combining space syntax and GIS-methods using the place syntax tool. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Space Syntax Symposium (Vol. 28, pp. 1-14). Seoul: Sejong University.
-McMorrough, J. (2001). City of Shopping. In Project on the City. Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, pp.193-203.
-Micu, C. (2018). Introduction in the shopping Centre sector from Romania—a brief inventory of the 24 biggest cities—as of July 2017. MID Journal, 1(1), 53–62.
-Morais, F. (2018). Planejamento estratégico digital. Saraiva Educação SA.
-Mostafa. A & Hassan, F. (2013). ‘Mosque layout design: An analytical study of mosque layouts in the early Ot-toman period’, Frontiers of Architectural Research
-Najari, Rana, Mehdinejad, Jamaluddin. (2019). Evaluating the role of physical and functional factors in the sociability of traditional Iranian markets using the space syntax technique (case example: Tabriz market). Bagh Nazar, 17(85), 67-82.
-Nojoomian, Amir Ali (2015), Property as a Narrative, theses about the concept of "property" and its functions and implications, Narrative Analytical Cultural Journal, From Yesterday's Passages to Today's Property, The Road of Destruction or the Pavement of Salvation, number seven, under the supervision of the Council Policy, Farvardin, Tehran. [In Persian].
-Ouria, M. (2019). Sustainable urban features and their relation with environmental satisfaction in commercial public space: an example of the Great Bazaar of Tabriz, Iran. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 11(1), 100-121.
-Qalambardzfouli, Maryam, Naghizadeh, Mohammad. (2013). Designing urban space in order to promote social interactions (case study: inter-neighborhood boulevard). City Identity, 8(17), 15-24.[In Persian].
-Ridwana, R., Prayitno, B., & Hatmoko, A. U. (2018). The Relationship Between Spatial Configuration and Social Interaction in High-Rise Flats: A Case Study on The Jatinegara Barat in Jakarta. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 41, p. 07003). EDP Sciences.
-Rismanchian, Omid, Bell, Simon. (2010). The application of space Syntax in studying the structure of the cities. Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning, 2(43), 49-56.[In Persian].
-Sajadzadeh, Hassan, Izadi, Mohammad Saeed, Haghi, Mohammad Reza. (2015). Relationship between spatial configuration and environmental variables in informal settlements, case study: Hesar neighborhood of Hamadan city. Journal of fine arts - architecture and urban planning. 3:21, 15-26.[In Persian].
-Siramkaya, S. B., & Aydin, D. (2017). The effect of spatial configuration on social interaction: a syntactic evaluation of a faculty building. Global Journal of Arts Education, 7(3), 83-92.
-Val, I. (2020). Danilov. Emotions in Learning Towards Coherent Intelligence: The Review of Studies on Social Behavior in Infants with Visual Impairment. J Med-Clin Res & Rev, 4(4), 1-6.
-Xiao-rong, L., & Hai-xiao, P. (2017). The effects of the integration of metro station and mega-multi-mall on consumers’ activities: a case study of Shanghai. Transportation research procedia, 25, 2574-2582.
-Zamani, Bahador; Hanrour, Mohsen (2012). Basics and technical standards of space layout; comparative application: Daulatkhane and Malasadra neighborhoods in the north of Isfahan. The fourth urban planning and management conference, Mashhad, University of Mashhad.[In Persian].
-Zamani, Bahadur; Hanrour, Mohsen (2012). Basics and technical standards of space layout; comparative application: Daulatkhane and Malasadra neighborhoods in the north of Isfahan. The fourth urban planning and management conference, Mashhad, Mashhad University.
-Zerouati، W.، & Bellal، T. (2020). Evaluating the impact of mass housings' in-between spaces' spatial -configuration on users' social interaction. Frontiers of Architectural Research9(1) :34-53.