Safe City

Safe City

Defining and prioritizing design components of environmental defense in man-made environment with passive defense approach with emphasis on soft power and social capital

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
abbass ayati fard
Siyamak Nayyeri Fallah
akram khalili
jalal azimi amoli
Nour branch, Islamic Azad University
10.22034/ispdrc.2024.2033880.1114
Abstract
Citizens are exposed to harm in the event of a crisis. In the scope of man-made threats, the science of passive defense has provided various solutions for crisis management. Despite internal and external security sensitivities and the repetition of security events, it is necessary for the community of environmental designers (architects-city planners) to pay special attention to design solutions to increase the defense power of the environment and help solve security crises.
The purpose of this research is to define and prioritize the components of environmental defense under the macro concept of "environmental security" in the scope of man-made threats (the subject of passive defense science). This research is carried out using the opinion of elites and the analysis hierarchy method (AHP) and pairwise comparisons, and it is among the efforts that seek to manage security and reduce harm in human environments with a non-violence approach. They are made. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method to extract the initial list of macro variables with the tools of library study and in-depth interviews, and after refining the list, prioritizes the macro variables and compares pairs of their subgroup variables.
Keywords
Built environment
Environmental defense
Environmental designers
Component
Hierarchical analysis
Subjects
Bielai, S., Morozov, I., & Tylchyk, V. (2018), The innovative approach to the crisis situations monitoring of the social and economic origin that endanger the security of Ukraine. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 4(3), 15-21.
Burton, I. Kates, R. W and White, G. F. (1999), The environment as hazard, Oxford university press, New York.
Buzan, B.G. (2007) , People, states and fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era. ECPR press.
Braziel, R. (2006), Impact of Homeland Security Communities of Learning: Developing a Strategy for Training and Collaboration, Ph.D. Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.
Chander, M., Jain, S.K. and Shankar, R. (2013),  Modeling of information security management parameters in Indian organizations using ISM and MICMAC approach, Journal of Modelling in Management, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 171-189. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-10-2011-0054
Jacobs, J. (1961), The death and life of great American cities. Random House LLC.
Kronfeld, M. J. (2018), The construction and prioritization of threats in the post-Cold War era and the evolution of American national security policy (Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University-Graduate School-Newark).
Long, J. (1978), Creating Architectural Theory: The Role of the Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Mead, Margaret. (1959), People and Places. Bantam Pathfinder Editions.
Meiss, P. V. (2000), Elements of Architecture: From Form to Place.  Routledge.
Mitchell, A., & Horne, J. (2023). Mitigating Express Takeovers and Unrest in South Africa: Centralised Predictive Capability and the Use of Advanced Analytics. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(11), 324-339.
Nye, J.S. (2011), The Future of Power. Public Affairs.
Rapaport, A. (1982), The Meaning of the Built Environment, a nonverbal communication approach, the university of Arizona press Tucson.
Satty, T. L. (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York.
Turner, H. (2016), Passive urban defense.  England, Oxford: Oxford press.
Wolfers.A. (1962). National Security As An Ambiguous Symbol Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press