Introduction
Iran, due to its climatic and geographical conditions, is considered a disaster-prone country. One of the most significant factors that influence the increase or decrease in the extent of damage and the number of human casualties during natural disasters is the existence or lack of an effective operational management and organization system for human resources. Training and organizing various forces for rescue operations and forming rescue teams is of particular importance. Many organizations, institutions, and entities in the country are responsible for this matter, and during an incident, numerous forces are dispatched to the affected areas. However, what is particularly important and noteworthy in this context is the management of human resources, which is available as volunteer rescue, health, and medical personnel. One of the issues that many major cities around the world face is natural disasters, and the city of Mashhad is no exception. Given the unpredictable nature of most natural disasters and the necessity for swift and correct decision-making and execution of operations, it is essential to design comprehensive models and plans for rapid and efficient response during incidents. These models should lead to preparedness and mitigation of impacts and outcomes resulting from crises.On the other hand, the prevailing model for organizing operational activities and supporting volunteer human resources for emergency disaster responses in Mashhad is centralized. This model does not allow for adequate planning to confront these consequences or create conditions for the participation of the majority of volunteer forces, nor does it organize them effectively for timely deployment as operational forces or provide necessary support for rescue operations.Therefore, considering Mission No. 1 of the strategic document of the Red Crescent Society, which focuses on developing rescue operation plans in the country, improving and developing human resource management systems, and enhancing operational support systems for rescue operations within the organization, there is a need to implement plans within a model that can improve and develop human resource management and support systems. For this purpose, this research emphasizes a decentralized model for crisis-oriented organizations, particularly the Red Crescent, based on defined municipal areas in terms of size, population density, and risk tolerance. By reducing the operational and support scope, it organizes its resources to simplify and enhance all matters related to recruiting volunteer forces, training, organizing, and appropriately mobilizing them.

Methodology
The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study includes all operational forces of the Fire Department, Red Crescent, and Emergency Services in Mashhad, totaling 1,750 individuals. According to Morgan's table, 322 questionnaires were distributed among the sample members using a stratified-random method. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 26 questions. To analyze the data, assuming normality of the data, the Student's t-test was used with SPSS software.

Results and discussion
Based on the results from the analysis of the main research question, it was determined that the dimensions of the decentralized model for operational organization and support for volunteer human resources in disaster emergency responses—such as reducing the structure of responding organizations, facilitating the organization of human resources, accelerating the recovery period from disasters, maintaining the operational capacity of human resources, issuing guidelines for executive guarantees, creating balance among responding organizations, and providing necessary facilities in each area according to sensitivity coefficients while determining support regions for each area—were confirmed by the respondents. Therefore, it can be concluded that relevant organizations in the city of Mashhad should take steps to design a decentralized model for operational organization and support for volunteer human resources in response to structural changes and resource distribution. This will enable them to react promptly during natural and man-made disasters, providing assistance to fellow citizens with minimal human and financial losses. Additionally, the results indicated that the status of the traditional model governing the organization of operational forces and support for volunteer human resources in emergency responses in the areas of Mashhad was viewed unfavorably by the respondents. Implementing this model could lead to improved efficiency in rescue operations and an increase in community participation in crisis management.

Conclusion
Based on the reviews conducted in the literature and scientific sources regarding the research topic, several similar internal studies were found. Therefore, in the final summary and conclusion, an attempt was made to address the general findings based on the results obtained in this research. Essentially, one of the important goals in emergency response to disasters is the immediate utilization of organized human resources, which, over the past years, has been hindered by the centralized organization of these resources, resulting in a small percentage of people being able to participate in this organization. Thus, examining the effects of centralized organization of human resources can significantly contribute to understanding the level of success of this model in achieving high participation among volunteer forces. The analyses conducted on the main research question have shown that decentralizing the operational organization and support for volunteer human resources has positively influenced the emergency responses of volunteer personnel during disasters in Mashhad.