Safe City

Safe City

Spatial analysis and locating temporary accommodation site for crisis management after earthquake (Case study: Salmas Township)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mirnajaf Mousavi 1
Nima Bayramzadeh 2
Sajjad Omidvarfar 3
Mehdi Salehi 4
1 Professor, Department of Geography, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student in Spatial Planning, Department of Geography, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 PhD student in Territorial Spatial Arrangement, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Ph.D in Geography and Urban Planning, Qazvin Governor, Qazvin, Iran
10.22034/ispdrc.2025.2031981.1112
Abstract
Introduction
Despite the extraordinary advances in technology and the achievement of the impossible in the past centuries, until now, humans are not safe from unexpected hazards in any part of the earth, and they constantly receive news from all over the earth about unfortunate hazards and natural disasters, So considering the history of earthquakes in Salmas township, this township needs the attention of urban planners to have a detailed planning before the crisis in order to manage the crisis optimally and reduce the time of creating a temporary accommodation after the earthquake in the right place, In this regard, the main purpose of the current research is the spatial analysis and Locating temporary accommodation site for crisis management after the earthquake in Salmas township.

Methodology
The current research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical in nature. Data collection in this research has been done in library and field. In this research, to evaluate the level of vulnerability from two indicators of the number of earthquakes and active faults and for optimal location from 4 main criteria (natural, accessibility, functional and population) which includes distance from active faults, distance from roads and rivers, distance from fire stations, distance from access, distance from military centers, distance from healthcare centers, distance from gas transmission lines, distance from power lines, distance from residential centers, slope and elevation have been used. OPA, Spline, Line Density, Weighted Sum and Arc GIS software were used for data analysis.
Data analysis in this research includes two parts, in the first part, the spatial analysis and vulnerability identification of Salmas township through the data of earthquakes occurred in Salmas township and active faults through Spline model for vulnerability interpolation and Line Density to identify the density of active faults are discussed. Finally, by overlapping through the Weighted Sum model, the vulnerable areas of Salmas township are clustered in 5 levels: very low, low, medium, high and very high. In the second part of the research, the most optimal area for temporary accommodation has been identified through the Weighted Sum model and based on the sub-criteria of the research.

Results and discussion
By examining the map of active faults and earthquakes that occurred in the study area, it can be said that Salmas township has a high potential in terms of the occurrence of strong earthquakes. So this city has two active faults and according to the vulnerability results, about 32% of the land area of this Township is in the medium and high vulnerable cluster, which shows the importance of investigating the locating temporary accommodation. According to the results of locating for the construction of temporary accommodation, it has been identified in about 33% of the most suitable area of the central lands of Salmas township, which includes 829 square kilometers of the surface of this city. Also, 35% of the land has an unsuitable area for the construction of temporary accommodation, which covers about 876 square kilometers of the area of this township.

Conclusion
Today, with the expansion of the urban and rural population, the amount of optimal risk control and optimal crisis management also decreases exponentially, So based on the earthquakes that occurred in Salmas township and due to being located in a seismic zone, the necessity of detailed studies and correct and scientific planning is required to reduce the physical, social and human vulnerables caused by earthquakes. In this regard, according to the research results, The central part of Salmas township, due to its proximity to military centers, health-treatment centers, and also due to geographical security, has the least vulnerability during an earthquake compared to other areas. This issue will play a significant role in providing services and rescue after the earthquake and for this reason, this area is the most suitable area for planning and locating temporary accommodation after the earthquake and finally, the southwest of this township is the most unfavorable land for the construction and implementation of the temporary accommodation.

Funding
There is no funding support.

Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.

Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
Keywords
Spatial analysis
Locating
Temporary Settlement
Crisis Management
Earthquake
Salmas Township
Subjects
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Safe City
Volume 8, Issue 4 - Serial Number 32
Autumn 2025
Pages 132-150