Introduction
Due to its geographical location, climatic conditions and geological situation, Iran is considered one of the countries exposed to natural disasters in the world, and the historical records of various disasters, including floods, earthquakes, landslides and subsidence in its area, indicate the possibility of recurrence of severe disasters in the future. According to published statistics, Iran is among the 10 most disaster-prone countries in the world in terms of unexpected events. For this purpose, the aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the level of skill of citizens of the Shohada and Baharestan Payin neighborhoods of Saqqez in dealing with the natural hazard of earthquakes, in order to identify the skill status of citizens of selected neighborhoods of Saqqez and prioritize these factors using conventional methods and field surveys.
Research Method
This research is quantitative in nature and applied in purpose. On the other hand, since in this research we analyze and study the "position of earthquake risk management skills among citizens", it is a descriptive research. On the other hand, since in descriptive research the characteristics of the studied community can be evaluated through measurement, the present research is a measurement and applied research. In this research, in the first stage, theoretical discussions on the subject and literature of earthquake risk management will be collected and compiled with an emphasis on the role of skill. The historical research method has been selected based on the information provided in articles and library documents, and in addition, important and effective criteria and criteria in earthquake risk skills will be prepared and compiled, and the necessary and sufficient knowledge of the city has been acquired. After this, the required statistical and descriptive information has been obtained by referring to relevant departments and organizations and various city websites, questionnaires, and obtaining information from various individuals (neighborhoods under study), and the necessary results will be obtained and analyzed. In relation to the method and tool of collecting information regarding the status of skills among the citizens of Saqqez, the quantitative research method (using the questionnaire tool) and the documentary method (examining existing documents and records in this regard) will be used. In the documentary method, forms, administrative documents and letters, reports and articles of related institutions and organizations will be used, and in the field method, questionnaires, observation, and interviews with participation will be used.
Discussion and findings
Considering the population of the two neighborhoods of Shohada and Baharestan Payin, in order to ensure the generalizability of the results, the sample size was determined as 384 people through the Cochran formula and distributed among the target statistical population, including the citizens of the region and visitors, by simple random method. The data collection method was based on field observation and interviews. After reviewing the theoretical foundations related to the subject and extracting the most important indicators, the aforementioned questionnaire was designed as a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of closed, two-way, multi-way, rank-ordered and open-ended questions. The closed questions (49 questions) were designed in the form of five Likert scales (from very low to very high) in 6 dimensions: awareness and knowledge, skills, attitudes, social capital, intensity and ability to compensate for damages, and the context and relationships of institutional performance. After the above steps and receiving the respondents' feedback, the data was categorized using SPSS software and the average of each dimension was calculated. Then, according to the citizens' responses, the average of their responses was compared with the theoretical average of each item of the dimensions, and finally the results were analyzed with a one-sample t-test.
In this part of the research, a one-sample t-test was used to examine and analyze the level of skill of the citizens of Saqqez city in dealing with the natural hazard of earthquakes. In this regard, it should be said that since the spectrum used in this research is a 5-scale Likert scale, the numerical value (3) has been assumed. Obviously, items whose average is above 3 are considered as a desirable situation, and otherwise they will be analyzed as an undesirable situation.
Conclusion
Understanding the terrain of the urban settlement and the morphodynamic characteristics of the slopes, as well as considering their high sensitivity to rapid changes in determining the process of urban physical development and dealing with potential hazards, can be very effective. In this regard, urban land use planning, by considering natural and terrain characteristics as well as historical events and examining seismic probabilities, can play a role in reducing vulnerability and preventing it. In fact, planning for the direction of urban land use requires access to very precise information that has been obtained through continuous surveys, part of which consists of data related to the tectonic characteristics of the city's settlement base and its uses. The location of many Iranian cities at the foot of slopes and the location of Quaternary fault trends on the border between mountains and plains is considered one of the bottlenecks in the expansion of the country's cities. Saqqez is also one of the cities that is partly located on a fault. The results of the final assessment of the skill dimensions of citizens in dealing with earthquake hazards in the two neighborhoods of Shohada and Baharestan Payin, while indicating differences in internal dimensions, show that Baharestan Payin has a better overall situation in terms of indicators and skill dimensions of dealing with earthquakes.