Earthquakes do not affect all parts of an urban neighborhood in the same way. Differences in building characteristics, street networks, and access to essential services can shape both the potential consequences of seismic events and the capacity of urban areas to withstand disruption. Capturing these spatial variations requires an assessment approach that goes beyond neighborhood-wide averages. This study evaluates the spatial distribution of urban resilience to earthquakes in Bagh-e Feyz, Tehran, with particular attention to building parcels. Relevant resilience indicators were first identified and assessed through a review of the literature and consultation with domain experts. Eighteen selected indicators were then incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS), using the Inverse Hierarchical Weighting Process (IHWP) to support the weighting and spatial integration of the assessment criteria. The resulting resilience map classified the study area into five categories. The findings indicate that 26.64% and 30.50% of the neighborhood's area fall within the very low and low resilience categories, respectively. Together, these categories account for 57.14% of the study area. Moderate, high, and very high resilience levels cover 10.43%, 26.25%, and 6.18%, respectively. Spatial differences are particularly evident in the eastern, southeastern, and parts of the central neighborhood, where very low resilience is concentrated, whereas several western and southern areas exhibit more favorable conditions. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring earthquake risk-reduction measures to local spatial characteristics rather than applying uniform interventions across the neighborhood. The assessment provides a basis for identifying priority areas, improving emergency accessibility, and guiding targeted improvements to the built environment.

Earthquakes do not affect all parts of an urban neighborhood in the same way. Differences in building characteristics, street networks, and access to essential services can shape both the potential consequences of seismic events and the capacity of urban areas to withstand disruption. Capturing these spatial variations requires an assessment approach that goes beyond neighborhood-wide averages. This study evaluates the spatial distribution of urban resilience to earthquakes in Bagh-e Feyz, Tehran, with particular attention to building parcels. Relevant resilience indicators were first identified and assessed through a review of the literature and consultation with domain experts. Eighteen selected indicators were then incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS), using the Inverse Hierarchical Weighting Process (IHWP) to support the weighting and spatial integration of the assessment criteria. The resulting resilience map classified the study area into five categories. The findings indicate that 26.64% and 30.50% of the neighborhood's area fall within the very low and low resilience categories, respectively. Together, these categories account for 57.14% of the study area. Moderate, high, and very high resilience levels cover 10.43%, 26.25%, and 6.18%, respectively. Spatial differences are particularly evident in the eastern, southeastern, and parts of the central neighborhood, where very low resilience is concentrated, whereas several western and southern areas exhibit more favorable conditions. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring earthquake risk-reduction measures to local spatial characteristics rather than applying uniform interventions across the neighborhood. The assessment provides a basis for identifying priority areas, improving emergency accessibility, and guiding targeted improvements to the built environment.

Earthquakes do not affect all parts of an urban neighborhood in the same way. Differences in building characteristics, street networks, and access to essential services can shape both the potential consequences of seismic events and the capacity of urban areas to withstand disruption. Capturing these spatial variations requires an assessment approach that goes beyond neighborhood-wide averages. This study evaluates the spatial distribution of urban resilience to earthquakes in Bagh-e Feyz, Tehran, with particular attention to building parcels. Relevant resilience indicators were first identified and assessed through a review of the literature and consultation with domain experts. Eighteen selected indicators were then incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS), using the Inverse Hierarchical Weighting Process (IHWP) to support the weighting and spatial integration of the assessment criteria. The resulting resilience map classified the study area into five categories. The findings indicate that 26.64% and 30.50% of the neighborhood's area fall within the very low and low resilience categories, respectively. Together, these categories account for 57.14% of the study area. Moderate, high, and very high resilience levels cover 10.43%, 26.25%, and 6.18%, respectively. Spatial differences are particularly evident in the eastern, southeastern, and parts of the central neighborhood, where very low resilience is concentrated, whereas several western and southern areas exhibit more favorable conditions. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring earthquake risk-reduction measures to local spatial characteristics rather than applying uniform interventions across the neighborhood. The assessment provides a basis for identifying priority areas, improving emergency accessibility, and guiding targeted improvements to the built environment.