Safe City

Safe City

The optimal model of the facade morphology of residential buildings based on indoor air temperature control in hot and humid climate

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Zahra Mehdinejad 1
Jamaledin Mehdinejad Darzi 2
Fateme Mozafari Ghadikolaei 3
1 Department of Architecture Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University Sari, Iran
2 Department of Architecture Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch Sari, Iran and Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University.Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Architecture Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch Sari, Iran
10.22034/ispdrc.2022.704330
Abstract
Facade morphology, ledges, depressions, shading device, opening dimensions and their shape pattern, materials
used in the facade are effective factors to control sunlight on the Building facades, reduce heat transfer to the
interior and thus reduce the cooling load demand. Bushehr has a hot and humid climate with intense sunlight and
high humidity. In recent years, Bushehr has the highest per capita household electricity consumption in the
country; Therefore, it is necessary to study passive solutions to reduce air temperature and create thermal
comfort conditions. The traditional buildings of Bushehr, using architectural solutions, provided thermal comfort
conditions for the residents throughout the year. The purpose of this study is to identify and investigate the effect
of using local architectural solutions in the facade of buildings to reduce the demand for cooling load of the
building. The first step of the research is the purposeful selection of existing samples of native buildings as a
native model and comparing the results of thermal performance with the current building as a basic model of the
research. Climatic solutions in indigenous buildings to control solar radiation and reduce indoor air temperature
include shanshir, tarmeh, deep and high windows, canopies of vertical and horizontal shutters, and limestone,
coral, and brick materials in the facade. The above solutions were categorized in the form of variables and
applied by simulation with Design Builder software and using climatic information of Climate Consultant
software version 55 and Ashri thermal comfort model and collection of weather data from local station and field
information on the basic research model. In order to answer the research questions, the effect of facade design
strategies in Bushehr native architecture to reduce the indoor air temperature was investigated and the effect of
opening dimensions and materials on the facade separately on the thermal performance of the base model was
studied and the optimal variable was selected from each group. Then, the thermal performance of the building
facade in 5 different modes of shading on the facade in combination with the optimal variables of opening
dimensions and materials was investigated. Optimal variables were selected from the canopies and their thermal
behavior was investigated to improve the thermal performance of the interior of future buildings of hot and
humid climate. The results show that the optimum performance of the facade with 2 2 2 windows and white
cementitious materials in the shade mode with lattice blades is reduced by 33% compared to the base model with
a reduction in cooling load demand.
Keywords
energy consumption reduction
Bushehr native architecture
hot and humid climate
shading
facade materials
opening dimensions
Subjects
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